Culture and Disease Essay

Jungle fever is one of the ailments that are liable for the most noteworthy mortality and dismalness rates in Africa particularly among youngsters (World Bank, 2009). Actually, it is one of the best general wellbeing worries in Africa and the majority of the wellbeing programs are focused on anticipation and treatment of the ailment (World Bank, 2009). This malady is normal among Africans contrasted with other ethnic gatherings because of financial, social, monetary and social components. In an offer to battle this scourge, Africans have been utilizing a few strategies to control the spread of jungle fever and the techniques have included both the advanced and conventional methodologies. Intestinal sickness is an irresistible ailment which is generally brought about by a parasite that is known as plasmodium. These parasites are protozoan in nature and they are of a few animal types which incorporate Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax (Sherman, 1998). Among these species, the most genuine and lethal species to individuals is P. falciparum. The plasmodium is transmitted to people by the female anopheles mosquitoes and its lifecycle includes two hosts which are the human host and a mosquito vector (Sherman, 1998). In the lifecycle of the plasmodium it structures sporozoites which are found in the gut of the female mosquito (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). The female mosquito transmits the sporozoites to people through a chomp. These sporozoites move into the human liver where they enter the liver cells and develop into a schizont which contains various merozoites (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). These merozoites are discharged into circulation system where they attack the red cells in this way shaping schizonts with various merozoites. These are discharged from the red platelets into circulatory system where they attack progressively red cells. As the red cells are blasting to discharge the merozoites, poisonous mixes are discharged which causes the fever and the clinical side effects that are related with intestinal sickness (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). In the circulatory system, a portion of the merozoites separate into the male and female gametes which are taken up by the mosquito from the contaminated individual and these two prepare each other in the gut of the mosquito and they form into sporozoites (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). These are transmitted to another individual through a nibble by the mosquito. In spite of the fact that the essential method of intestinal sickness transmission is by mosquito chomps, there are different strategies that can transmit the malarial parasite. One of these is blood transfusion following presence of lethargic plasmodium parasites in the donor’s blood. This can make the transfused individual to experience the ill effects of a febrile sickness and hence in regions where jungle fever is endemic a full course of chloroquine is regulated to possible beneficiaries of blood (Kakkilaya, 2006). Another method of transmission will be transmission from mother to kid among pregnant ladies. These parasites go to the kid through the placenta particularly if the mother has no resistance (Kakkilaya, 2006). The last method of transmission is through needle stick injury which can be either inadvertent as occurs among human services suppliers or purposeful as occurs among sedate addicts who offer needles (Kakkilaya, 2006). There are a few factors that make Africans defenseless against jungle fever and one of these are the ecological variables which add to spread of the infection. In the first place, jungle fever is an atmosphere related malady where it is for the most part found in the tropic and subtropic areas. The atmosphere in Africa especially the yearly mean temperature is for the most part inside the resilience furthest reaches of the plasmodium species and this makes the parasite to flourish hence rendering the populaces living around there helpless (Leary, 2008). Another natural factor is climate unsettling influences in Africa which impacts the reproducing destinations of the vectors along these lines expanding the transmission capability of jungle fever (Leary, 2008). These climate unsettling influences happen as drawn out dry spells and substantial downpours. There are a few social and social factors that make Africans defenseless against intestinal sickness illness. One of these is expanded human populace in Africa and this has prompted swamp recovery and deforestation in an offer to discover more land for settlement. The impact of these exercises has been the making of puddles which gives great rearing destinations to the mosquitoes which thusly transmit intestinal sickness (Leary, 2008). At the point when the vegetation is expelled, what happens is that the temperatures increment and this guides in jungle fever transmission. Another factor is self prescription where numerous individuals in Africa purchase tranquilizes over the counter and treat themselves at home (Leary, 2008). This has prompted improvement of medication safe strains of plasmodium requiring nonstop substitution of against malarial medications. This has made the populaces in Africa defenseless to the infection since as opposed to managing the issue the populaces make more issues by making drug safe strains of plasmodium. Furthermore, numerous individuals treat themselves with against malarial medications that have just been controlled as ineffectual in this manner putting themselves in danger of creating genuine and muddled jungle fever (Leary, 2008). Another factor is absence of information on the illness among both the networks and the general wellbeing authorities. An investigation done in 2004 demonstrated that in East Africa individuals are required by the Public Health Act to clear the shrubberies around their homes as a method of forestalling the spread of yellow fever yet contemplates have indicated that freeing from hedges makes great rearing conditions for jungle fever (Leary, 2008). This expands the helplessness of Africans to intestinal sickness infection since compelling measures are not taken to forestall spread of jungle fever. Monetary factors likewise increment the defenselessness of Africans to jungle fever. Neediness levels in Africa are high which implies that there are deficient financial assets to put resources into human services along these lines making individuals powerless against jungle fever pandemics. A large portion of the populaces here live underneath a dollar daily and furthermore instances of food deficiencies are exceptionally normal which focuses on getting food instead of intestinal sickness avoidance (Leary, 2008). These monetary hardships likewise make it hard for populaces to look for good social insurance administrations. Most simply go to the private facilities or to the neighborhood dispensaries the majority of which have no gear for finding accordingly bringing about wrong remedies (Leary, 2008). Also, a portion of the clinical staff found in these social insurance offices are not qualified. The explanation with respect to why the majority of the individuals incline toward the neighborhood dispensaries is cost limitations where they can't bear the cost of mechanized vehicle and along these lines want to utilize modest methods for transport, for example, bikes (Leary, 2008). Legends and social convictions likewise make Africans powerless against intestinal sickness. This is especially with respect to the reason and avoidance of intestinal sickness. A few people accept that jungle fever is brought about by black magic or heavenly powers and a genuine model is Uganda where the populaces here partner spasms which are a type of malarial entanglement with extraordinary powers (Leary, 2008). This truly makes the populaces defenseless against jungle fever since they can't take measures to forestall intestinal sickness. What's more, because of such convictions, individuals who have jungle fever are not rewarded with customary medication which is progressively powerful yet are dealt with utilizing conventional medication which isn't so viable. This makes the populaces helpless to jungle fever plagues since the issue isn't being tended to in this way guaranteeing the spread of the malady and expanding death rates. Others partner jungle fever with specific nourishments and a genuine model is populaces in Tanzania who accept that intestinal sickness is because of utilization of maize supper (Leary, 2008). This conviction results from the way that maize dinners in Tanzania are ordinarily devoured in the midst of food deficiencies which happen following excessively or too little precipitation (Leary, 2008). These climatic conditions are additionally connected with expanded instances of intestinal sickness. In any case, the populaces partner intestinal sickness with the food they generally eat around then and subsequently they don't eat maize suppers as a method of battling jungle fever (Leary, 2008). This solitary serves to make them increasingly helpless against jungle fever. There are a few techniques that are utilized to control the spread of jungle fever. A portion of these strategies are planned for bringing introduction down to irresistible mosquito nibbles and these incorporate indoor splashing utilizing bug sprays, utilization of bed nets that are bug spray rewarded, and utilization of repellants (Falola and Heaton, 2007). Bug sprays are utilized to decrease the quantity of grown-up mosquitoes while materials, for example, repellants repulse mosquitoes from an individual consequently controling the spread of the sickness. Another technique includes treatment of the sickness utilizing drugs. In spite of the fact that medicate obstruction has been an extraordinary issue in battling jungle fever, drugs have demonstrated to be successful in stifling the parasite inside the host in this way forestalling additionally spread of the ailment (Falola and Heaton, 2007). Other treatment strategies include meddling with the reproducing locales of mosquitoes and these incorporate depleting of stale water and showering of rearing destinations with bug sprays. Aside from these techniques for forestalling the spread of intestinal sickness, the African populace has its elective strategies for managing jungle fever. One of these includes utilization of conventional medication. Conventional healers in Africa analyze and treat jungle fever utilizing indigenous roots, herbs, and leaves which are normally arranged and taken orally (Maslove et al. , 2009). This goes about as an obstruction to the battle against intestinal sickness since their finding depends simply on side effects and not indicative proof which may prompt inappropriate treatment subsequently further spread of jungle fever because of postponed treatment (Maslove et al. , 2009). Generally, Africans have depended on great sanitation practices, for example, appropriate removal of trash and depleting of bogs as a method of forestalling intestinal sickness and modern the

Mortality Regimes And Longevity Risk Health And Social Care Essay

This paper investigates the nearness of governments in mortality kineticss and surveys their reasonings for length of administration danger course. Our assault expands the Poisson log bilinear captured improvement created by Brouhn et Al. by catching the time-shifting mortality constituent with a Markov system exchanging hypothetical record. The hypothetical record is so applied to Gallic mortality informations sets from 1947 to 2007. Our investigation uncovers that one government is portrayed by high instability and is dynamic during the 20 mature ages after the Second World War. The second government compares to a region of low instability and catches length of administration improvements saw during the ongoing time frame. A Monte Carlo reproduction is so used to investigate the effect of mortality governments for the risk heading of life rente portfolios. Reenactment uncovers that the underlying dispersion of a mortality government influences well the dissolvability level of portf olio and the capital requests, substantiating the significance of taking into history mortality systems for the bearing of life rente portfolios. Watchwords: Life rente, Mortality Projection, Regime-exchanging Models JEL Classification: C32, G22, G23 1. Presentation Life expectation everyplace has expanded well in the course of the only remaining century. In France, mortality has declined steeply, as more established individuals live more. Life expectation during childbirth for guys has gone from 45 mature ages in 1900 to 81 mature ages in 2000. This wonder is viewed as acceptable insight for people and as a huge cultural achievement. In any case, it presents new difficulties for the approach shapers, private annuity executives and different providers of life rentes, where the outcome of life expectation improvements on the dissolvability of benefits frameworks is a worry ( Macdonald et al. , 1998 ) . As underlined by Marocco and Pitacco ( 1998 ) , length of administration peril, that is, the uncertainness sing the future improvement of mortality and life expectation results, influences the estimating and saving of life rente stocks well. Without a doubt, foundations providing life rentes run the risk that the existent estimation of undertakings surpasses their standpoints, taking to condition of affairss of chapter 11, when foundations can non pay the guaranteed entirety to endorsers. The calculation of expected present qualities accordingly requires a suitable mortality projection that abstains from disparaging future obligations. In 1992, Lee and Carter proposed a basic hypothetical record that indicates death rate modification as a guide of an individual clasp list. The strategy portrays the death rate as the measure of an age-explicit constituent free of clasp and a bilinear term that is the product of a period shifting parametric amount vector stand foring the advancement of mortality over clasp and an age-explicit vector of parametric amounts reflecting how each age is affected by the improvement of mortality. The estimation of the time-differing parametric amount is so displayed and conjecture as a stochastic time-arrangement using the Box-Jenkins strategy. The gauge death rate is so gotten by joining the guess time-fluctuating mortality constituent got by an ARIMA hypothetical record, with the assessed parametric amounts comparative with age impacts. In any case, the use of an ARIMA hypothetical record to delineate the conduct of mortality over clasp seems unreasonable. As Sweeting ( 2010 ) underscores, mortality nowadayss abrupt modifications in propensities, proposing the nearness of a non-straight development. Moreover, the mortality method displays non-Gaussian belongingss, for example, fat dress suits, heteroscedasticity, and disparity. In obvious radiation of these realities, we propose to catch the time-fluctuating mortality constituent acquired by a Poisson log bilinear hypothetical record examination, with a Markov trading hypothetical record. Markov trading hypothetical records were presented by Goldfeld and Quandt ( 1973 ) and got mainstream after the original paper of Hamilton ( 1989 ) . In money and monetary sciences, system exchanging hypothetical records have gotten turning joining in. They are equipped for catching complex non-direct kineticss, remembering abrupt changes for the conduct of clasp arrangement, and confused signifiers of heteroscedasticity, fat dress suits, and slants. They are strikingly used to catch the kineticss of GDP ( Hamilton, 1989 ) , in addition to financial qualities ( Longin and Solnik, 2001 ) or inclusion rates that display non-Gaussian belongingss ( Ang and Bekaert, 1998 ) . Ang and Timmermann ( 2011 ) gracefully a decent investigation of the different uses of Markov trading hypothetical records in monetary sciences and fund. In actuarial logical controls, government move has been to a great extent concentrated on the estimating of monetary stocks ( Hardy, 2001 ; Bollen, 1998 ) . To our c ognizance, simply Milidonis et Al. ( 2011 ) have investigated the use of Markov system changing hypothetical records to catch mortality kineticss. They apply this kind of hypothetical record to US informations from 1921 to 2005 and demo that mortality is described by a two-system move hypothetical record. In any case, their work brushs a conspicuous horrible judgment: the assignment of mortality governments could be simply because of the nearness of the two universe wars in their example. In this paper, we investigate the request whether mortality governments are discernable in Gallic informations from 1947 to 2007. Utilizing a data standard assault, we locate that Gallic mortality is portrayed by two discernable governments. One government alludes to a solid uncertainness territory, coordinating to length of administration conditions saw during the decennary following the Second World War. The second region is identified with the low unpredictability of length of administration improvements saw during the last 30 mature ages. The cardinal development of our paper is the test of the impact of mortality governments on length of administration peril. Utilizing Monte Carlo reproduction, we determine a restrictive circulation of forthcoming life plain arraies, which are so utilized so as to mensurate the impact of mortality governments on life rente portfolio danger. Apparently the dynamic dissemination of a mortality government influences well the projection of mortality, yet close to the uncertainness that originates from this projection. That association is unconventionally of import for analysts, who must discover the entirety of cash required to pay benefits, each piece great as the security replenishing used to cover the uncertainness connection to the improvement in life expectation. The paper is sorted out as follow. Segment 2 nowadayss documentations, premises, and informations. Area 3 gives a detailed introduction of the methodological examination partner to mortality projection hypothetical records. Segment 4 presents the evaluation results. In region 5, an income reproduction of an arrangement of life rentes gauges the central conclusions of a mortality government on length of administration danger and capital requests. Segment 6 finishes up the paper. 2. Documentations, Assumptions, and Datas 2.1. Documentation Mortality is concentrated in two measurements: age, and schedule cut. We will use so following documentation: speaks to the staying life-time of a single old on January 1 of twelvemonth. is the opportunity that a single old in twelvemonth passes on before making age. is the opportunity that a single matured makes due during the twelvemonth and arrives at age ; note. is the cardinal death rate at age during the clasp. is the presentation to danger at age during twelvemonth. It speaks to the whole clasp lived by individuals matured during the twelvemonth. speaks to the figure of expires at age during the clasp, from an introduction to danger. speaks to the figure of people matured in life during the twelvemonth. is the normal staying life-time of single matured in the clasp. is the financial estimation of the net present estimation of a real existence rente offered to a single older in twelvemonth. 2.2. Premises The cardinal death rate is assumed constant inside two sets to and to. For some random entire number and a day of the month, we so get: ( 1 ) The reason of an immutable mortality cardinal rate suggests that for a single older in twelvemonth that: ( 2 ) At long last, two proportions of contribution for the most part utilized by demographists and analysts are presented. Life expectation is an old style step total uping the advancement of the mortality over the clasp: ( 3 ) The calculation depends on the endurance chances from age to a definitive age aa‚â ¬ † The maximal age considered relies upon the pick of life table closings.[ 1 ]As the continuance chances are non accessible after clasp, they should be extrapolated from a projection hypothetical record. The existence rente alludes to the net present estimation of future installments offered to a single old in twelvemonth: ( 4 ) where is the value decrease factor that we guess invariable over clip.[ 2 ] 3.2. Pieces of information For this review, male and female Gallic mortality informations have been taken from the Human Mortality database.[ 3 ]The informations comprise of the cardinal death rate, the introduction to peril, and the figure of perishes between two ages. It was alluring to use simply informations from 1947 through 2007. The period before 1947 has been disregarded to keep away from the mortality shocks related with the first and second universe wars. We consider only the age scope somewhere in the range of 60 and 98 mature ages. Age classes more youthful than 60 twelvemonth are overlooked, since the points of this study point of convergence on length of administration danger employments. The data, at more seasoned age ( more than 98 mature ages ) have other than been rejected because of the little figure of subsisters. Mortality at more seasoned ages will be anyway produced from a log quadratic guide ( inside informations will be given in region 3.5 ) . Figures 1-an and 1-b show the advancement of Gallic mortality during this period. A net

10 ft from Hasan Minhaj

10 ft from Hasan Minhaj This past summer, Hasan Minhaj FINALLY made his way to my hometown on his homecoming tour. Keep in mind, this is a person I’ve been wanting to see in person since basically forever ago. Hasan Minhaj? In MY town. Blessing us with 72 minutes of geniously scripted reflective comedy? How could I miss something as paramount as that? (Turns out I could. Two words: SOLD OUT). When I casually scrolled upon his face on an MIT Facebook event, I went hysterical to say the least. Yall! Second chances actually do exist! They’re out there! For you and you and you As the sun set above the MIT campus last Saturday, I excitedly made my way to Kresge. Three whole hours before the event began. Front row seats were necessary, even if it meant psetting out in the cold. I’ll have you know, I was the fifth person in line (pretty good for an amateur like myself, right?). When Hasan finally made his way onto the stage, his face glowing with the auditorium lights, my excitement and energy was not alone. The night was spent with great laughter, deep questions and a good amount of serious reflection. After a thirty minute act geared around refugee and immigration conversations, the QA session gave us the opportunity to interact with Hasan as his unscripted and genuine self. We discovered that Hasan is worth ten goats, really likes chicken seekh kabobs, did Kumon till freshman year of high school, uses coconut oil (ayy, Parachute) to keep his hair on fleek and gives great hugs. And yes, I asked for you. Me: “If Hasan were a unit of measure, what would it measure?” Hasan: “Man you MIT kids ask the hardest questions. I don’t know, what do you think?” Me: “Umm, I don’t know… inspiration? Yes, I would say inspiration for sure!” Random person in the crowd: Kabobs! He would measure Kabobs! I’ll leave it up to you as to which answer is the better one, but I definitely applaud said random person in the crowd. The most memorable moment of the night, however, was when a student asked the following: “If you could ask an MIT student any question, what would it be?” To which Hasan replied these incredibly powerful, meaningful, heart-warming and unforgettable words (for best effect, picture him saying this with a contagious smile and big eyes): “ What does it feel like to know you’ve made it? It must feel so dope.” Image by Joshua Charles Woodward In that moment, I took a turn in my seat and looked at all the people around me. I looked at the faces bursting with pride, faces that have become familiar. And I thought to myself, youre right Hasan. It is pretty dope. Not for the obvious reasons though. It’s the people here and their hearts that make it dope. Its being able to have a heart-to-heart with anyone and everyone. Its being able to stand up for whats right without fear or second thought. Its acknowledging the issues that scar our world. Its working together to make it better. It’s working hard and playing hard. It’s giving support and taking support. Its achieving the American dream. Its sitting in an auditorium and celebrating a man that is the American dream. Youre right Hasan Minhaj, it is pretty dope. Me (left) with some cool friends. Image by Joshua Charles Woodward With that, I think it would only be appropriate to leave you with some beautiful words from the man himself ( I hope you find in them the same magic I do): “You shouldnt worry about refugees accepting American values, but Americans accepting American values.” “But if [the refugees] are willing to wait in line for 2 and a half years, then we owe it to them to look over their application because at some point someone looked over ours too.” *cue finger snaps* Post Tagged #Unit of Measure

Thomas Szasz Therapeutic Approaches and Mental Illnesses Free Essay Example, 1750 words

From Schaler's (2004) work, my judgment of the work concurs with Szasz argument. In as much, Szasz s life history does not indicate his working in a medical institution, his arguments are comprehensive enough. From his attack on the morally wrong practices on the treatment of insane persons, the aspect of individual autonomy clearly comes out. Treatment of individuals must come from within the patients minds and inner feelings of what is good for them. As Szasz indicates, the treatment therapy offered to a patient may not portray positive attributes in totality, but at times create a more difficult situation for the patient. In essence, Szasz' argument revolves around the need to give the patient an opportunity to come up with personal decisions based on their medical status. A closer scrutiny of Schaler s (2004) work, the views of Szasz cannot be indicated to emanate from the conclusions made through one s own judgment, but through careful analysis of facts and weighing of premises through well thought of research. SLIDE 8- Subtleties and complexities and emerging from forceful treatment on mentally ill patientsFrom Schaler's (2004) work, a lot of complexities emanate from Szasz's work. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Szasz: Therapeutic Approaches and Mental Illnesses or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In this case, it is exceedingly difficult to come to a conclusion on this aspect of illnesses. In the case of mental illnesses, it is tasking to explain how such an individual s needs to be consulted on the best therapy that would suit such their needs since they can hardly make correct decisions. Such assumptions cannot be warranted and would lead to the readers being in a total dilemma on what to accept as true and what to doubt.

The Compromise Of The Declaration Of Independence Essay

It was a Thursday in 1776; the Second Continental Congress was meeting to sign the Declaration of Independence. In the very words of the document, Americans agreed to the ideas that all men were created equal with unalienable rights; among these were Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness. The young country, even though there were different opinions and ideas had compromised for the betterment of all Americans. Compromise; the definition is the agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions. The country had extensive opportunities to compromise on laws, territories, societies, and industrializations. By 1860, the sense of compromise started to disappear, and America stood on the verge of monumental discord. The Compromise of 1820 brought both sides of the slavery debate to an agreement. In 1819, Missouri proposed to join the Union as a slave state. If Missouri joined as a slave state, this would teeter the balance in the House of Rep resentatives with a greater number of pro-slavery Congressman. In the compromise, Congress initiated a two-part plan; to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and a new boundary line was drawn at longitude 36ââ€" ¦ 30’ through the former Louisiana Territory separating free and slave states.1 The compromise settled each side for a time, but the sectional and political conflicts continued to escalate. Consequently, after the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), the country neededShow MoreRelatedHistory of the Declaration of Independence738 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Declaration of Independence: A brief history The Declaration of Independence is not a formal, legal document like the U.S. Constitution. 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Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles Free Essays

Essay Title:Introductory to organisational behaviour principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) can be found anywhere nowadays. Experts and professionals in this area have done a lot of research, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and views on how a person will behave in an organisation. This paper argues that there are other resources to help us understand OB better. We will write a custom essay sample on Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will firstly define what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our main textbook, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’ written by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travaglione. It will then analyse the relevance and usefulness of information to people working in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB actually mean? Robbins and Judge (2007, P. ) defined that ‘OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organisation’s effectiveness. ’ While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points out that ‘OB is the study of how people behave in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure human resources to achieve goals. ’ Comparing these two long definitions on OB, I would rather go along with the statement by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. It’s so much easier to grasp and understand the gist of OB especially to students like me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is only putting their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a lot of views on one issue, it can be either the same or different, there’s no right or wrong either, it’s just a matter of how we perceive things. Thus we need to look into other resources to tap into other peoples’ views and concepts to learn more about OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to understand, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will benefit the individual and the organisation. However, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly different kind of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and ultimately to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2). The latter statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employee’s performance, communication and decisions making ability by sending their employees for courses like team building. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identified and explained the five anchors on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, systematic research anchor, contingency anchor, multiple levels of analysis anchor and lastly the open systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book. These clearly explained concepts would help students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and Judge (2007) only talks about the contributions to OB field from four behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione talks more than that, they even listed and discussed how emerging disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to form research questions, and apply test hypotheses against collected data. Mcshane and Travaglione also suggest that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. It’s a qualitative method whereby concepts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For example, the Department for transport in the United Kingdom did a project to find out what factors affect the choice of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003). Maybe the Land Transport Authority in Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing number of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that ‘no single solution is best in all circumstances. ’ What works in one situation may not be successful in a different situation (12Manage, 2008). This is a view shared by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situation a different kind of respond is required. An example can be money; money can be a motivator for some people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the person’s financial needs and status (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and managers in organisations learn to understand factors of different situations in order to respond more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). Similarly to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are three levels of analysis on OB, the micro which studies the individual, middle level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations. However, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an image of importance on this classification will help students to understand topics area of concern later in the book. Now let’s look at the last anchor, the open system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points out that organisations are open systems that will receive input of information and resources from the environment and in turn transform them into goods or service before returning them back into the environment. Organisations are always restructuring and strategising to survive in the corporate world (Taplin 2005). This information will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to strengthen their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of reading and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and due to the ever changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people. By using the five anchors we will be able to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some information may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. Total word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, ‘open systems’, Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organizational Behavior, viewed 2 August 2008, http://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. sim. edu. sg/ehost/detail? id=4hid=120sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lmhAN=20986772 Department for Transport 2003, ‘Psychological Factors Affecting Transport Mode Choice’, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. Travaglione, T. 2007, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, ‘Organizational Behavior, The person-organizati on fit’, Prentice –Hall Inc, New Jersey. Robbins, S. P. Judge, T. A. 2007, ‘Organizational Behavior’, 12th edn, Pearson education Inc, USA. Taplin, I. M. 2005, ‘Strategic change and organisational restructuring: How managers negotiate change initiatives’, Journal of international management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. Rizzo, J. R. 2000, ‘Managing Organizational Behavior’, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, ‘Money, Money, Money’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231–243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, ‘Contingency Theory’, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008, How to cite Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles, Papers

Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles Free Essays

Essay Title:Introductory to organisational behaviour principles Books, journals and articles on organisational behaviour (OB) can be found anywhere nowadays. Experts and professionals in this area have done a lot of research, coming up with theories, models, concepts, explanations and views on how a person will behave in an organisation. This paper argues that there are other resources to help us understand OB better. We will write a custom essay sample on Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will firstly define what OB is and discuss the similarities and differences found from other resources to our main textbook, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’ written by Steven Mcshane and Tony Travaglione. It will then analyse the relevance and usefulness of information to people working in organisations and students of OB. So what does OB actually mean? Robbins and Judge (2007, P. ) defined that ‘OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organisation’s effectiveness. ’ While, Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999, P. 3) points out that ‘OB is the study of how people behave in organisations as individuals, teams and how the organisations structure human resources to achieve goals. ’ Comparing these two long definitions on OB, I would rather go along with the statement by Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. ), where it says that OB is the study of what people think, feel and do in and around organisations. It’s so much easier to grasp and understand the gist of OB especially to students like me. What all these experts are trying to say is actually the same and what they had done is only putting their own thoughts into words. This signifies that we humans have a lot of views on one issue, it can be either the same or different, there’s no right or wrong either, it’s just a matter of how we perceive things. Thus we need to look into other resources to tap into other peoples’ views and concepts to learn more about OB. So why do we study OB? As Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) had put it, we need to understand, predict and influence the behaviour of people, by doing so it will benefit the individual and the organisation. However, Tosi, Mero and Rizzo have a slightly different kind of say, they say that we study OB to understand, predict and improve the performance of people and ultimately to the organisation which they work (2000, P. 2). The latter statement seems to be more appropriate. Organisations are always trying to improve their employee’s performance, communication and decisions making ability by sending their employees for courses like team building. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) have clearly identified and explained the five anchors on which OB is based on, which are the multidisciplinary anchor, systematic research anchor, contingency anchor, multiple levels of analysis anchor and lastly the open systems anchor. It appears that this is the only book that includes all five anchors in one book. These clearly explained concepts would help students to understand OB with ease and clarity than any other resources researched. With regards to the multidisciplinary anchor, Robbins and Judge (2007) only talks about the contributions to OB field from four behavioural disciplines which are psychology, social psychology, sociology and anthropology. Mcshane and Travaglione talks more than that, they even listed and discussed how emerging disciplines like communications and marketing contribute to the study of OB. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007) say that scholars have been depending on systematic research to form research questions, and apply test hypotheses against collected data. Mcshane and Travaglione also suggest that researchers are adopting grounded theory to understand the working environment. It’s a qualitative method whereby concepts and theories are formed by data collections like observations and interviews. For example, the Department for transport in the United Kingdom did a project to find out what factors affect the choice of transport of their citizens (Department for transport 2003). Maybe the Land Transport Authority in Singapore can refer to this article and find out the reason for the increasing number of people owning cars in Singapore. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, P. 17) state that ‘no single solution is best in all circumstances. ’ What works in one situation may not be successful in a different situation (12Manage, 2008). This is a view shared by Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999) where they say for each situation a different kind of respond is required. An example can be money; money can be a motivator for some people but may not be that effective on others, it all depends on the person’s financial needs and status (Vries 2007). Therefore, OB experts and managers in organisations learn to understand factors of different situations in order to respond more appropriately and effectively (Nahavandi and Malekzadeh (1999). Similarly to our main text, Robbins and Judge (2007) states that there are three levels of analysis on OB, the micro which studies the individual, middle level which covers the small group and the macro level which looks into organisations. However, the latter book had included a model for visualisation, creating an image of importance on this classification will help students to understand topics area of concern later in the book. Now let’s look at the last anchor, the open system anchor. Similarly to our main text, Thomas (2005) points out that organisations are open systems that will receive input of information and resources from the environment and in turn transform them into goods or service before returning them back into the environment. Organisations are always restructuring and strategising to survive in the corporate world (Taplin 2005). This information will definitely be useful to top managements of organisations. They can apply this knowledge to strengthen their market share and strengthen their company image. This paper has argued that in order to understand OB principles more, a lot of reading and research had to be done. We have looked at what OB exactly is and due to the ever changing environment, peoples view and perceptions change, so we need to understand, predict and influence the changing needs of people. By using the five anchors we will be able to do that. Even though some information researched is the same, it still increases my knowledge on OB through the constant readings, some information may be irrelevant, but it is still useful even if only one percent of new knowledge is gained. Total word count (1060) References Cummings, TG 2005, ‘open systems’, Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Organizational Behavior, viewed 2 August 2008, http://web. ebscohost. com. libproxy. sim. edu. sg/ehost/detail? id=4hid=120sid=add89e44-3e79-4bf6-ac4d-7c90f405c030%40sessionmgr103bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lmhAN=20986772 Department for Transport 2003, ‘Psychological Factors Affecting Transport Mode Choice’, viewed 2 August 2008, . Mcshane, S. Travaglione, T. 2007, ‘Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim’, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd, NSW. Nahavandi, A. Malekzadeh, A. R. 1999, ‘Organizational Behavior, The person-organizati on fit’, Prentice –Hall Inc, New Jersey. Robbins, S. P. Judge, T. A. 2007, ‘Organizational Behavior’, 12th edn, Pearson education Inc, USA. Taplin, I. M. 2005, ‘Strategic change and organisational restructuring: How managers negotiate change initiatives’, Journal of international management, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 284-301, viewed 4 August 2008, Science Direct. Tosi, H. L. , Mero, N. P. Rizzo, J. R. 2000, ‘Managing Organizational Behavior’, 4th edn, Blackwell Publishers Inc, USA. Vries, M. K. D. 2007, ‘Money, Money, Money’, Organizational Dynamics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 231–243, viewed 29 July 2008, Science Direct. 12 Manage 2008, ‘Contingency Theory’, Bilthoven, viewed 2 August 2008, How to cite Introductory to Organisational Behaviour Principles, Papers

Minivans Essays - Airbag, Bags, Target Audience, Minivan

Minivans The minivan today falls roughly within the $30000 - $40000 price range. As a result, not everyone who could benefit from this automobile can afford it. Minivans target young families (parents between the ages of 25-34) with 2-3 children or more residing in rural and suburban areas in which transportation needs are involved. Despite the minivan's convenience, studies from show its target group has been decreasing and has been forecasted to continue decreasing in the years to come. Many factors contribute to this decreasing target group. First and foremost, the decreasing number of children per family. Also, the price, limiting its buyers to those who attain a certain income (studies show income earned by members of society is directly proportionate to their level of education). An income level predominantly earned by members of the middle to upper middle class. It has also been noted that people have been and are continuing to migrate from the more rural areas to the cities due to hig her incomes and a faster pace of life, decreasing the amount of transportation needed to commute. More importantly, according to Stats, the family structure is changing, and due to the increase in cost of living, more women (between the ages of 25-34) are joining the workforce. This happens to be the age bracket where most women have their children. Married couples with no children are the fastest growing demographic group. Families, with children, are a shrinking market for this product. More people from 5 to 32 years of age die as a result of traffic accidents than any other cause. This leads parents to prefer the use of a vehicle that provides a reliable, safe and secure driving experience. Families spend most of their time and money to find a vehicle that is designed to prevent car accidents and protect passengers and drivers. A family's primary concern is the well being and safety of their children on the road. Therefore, consumers prefer to choose vehicles with family friendly features. In order to satisfy the consumer's safety needs automotive companies build vehicles, with their tastes and want in mind. Manufactures install government-specified (See Vehicle Safety Act) lights, reflectors, brakes, tires, windows, windshield wipers, defrosters and dash board controls to prevent accidents and install seat belts, air bags, head restraints and bumper system to protect car occupants. These features not only satisfy government regulations, but also please the safety conscious families of today's market. Evolution The ?nuclear? family has gone through drastic changes through the course of the last few decades. From a single breadwinner, supporting a household of four or more children, the family unit has graduated to double incomes with only one or two children and a higher level of education for both the man and the women and even to same sex couples. Due to inflation and women increasingly entering the work force this change was self-evident. With this continuing trend families are becoming fewer and fewer. Consumers are ready to pay more to remain style conscious. Bigger, more luxurious appeal to this market and conform to their opinion of a worthwhile vehicle. Purchasing Power As for the purchasing power of families, the median income has gradually increased over the course of the last 10 years. Rising along with incomes are inflation rates and single parent households. This demonstrates the buying power of today's young families with double or single incomes, has dropped dramatically. Even with the greater availability of credit which increases buying power. Over the last decade and in today's unstable economy an increase in purchasing revenues seems unlikely with the lowered buying power of today's young families. A decrease in buying power demonstrates a shift in buying patterns towards more value for each dollar spent illustrating Engel's Law. Young families are now leaning towards smaller more cost efficient cars with longer warranties (forcing the automotive industry to assume longer warranty liabilities) This trend is confirmed by the decrease in revenues of the automobile industry over the last decade. Bibliography Internet Sites www.statcan.ca www.economagic.com www.enm.maine.edu/courses/business/bua263web/lecture5html http://theautochannel.com/content/news/press/?/press0111788.html. www.entrepreneurmag.com http://nova.umuc.edu www.car.org/legislation/ www.caa.ca www.tc.gc.ca (motor vehicle safety act) www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~daniel/hyperwriting/arguments/incalacaterra/edu.html/ Bibliography Books Sens, Allen, and Peter Stoett. Global Politics: Origins, Currents, Directions. Scarborough: International Thompson Publishing Nelson, 1998. The Public Pulse,

A Different View essays

A Different View essays Terrorism is defined as a systematic use of terror as a means of coercion. To enforce political or common values on the Iraqi citizens, could that be considered terrorism? Who is the culprit, the military or the Iraqi citizens who crowd the streets? I will discuss whether or not the U.S.A is committing crimes of terrorism by enforcing their style of government on the Iraqi citizens. In addition, how the Iraqi citizens have grown weary and begun to form fierce mobs that crowd the streets ending with who are the real victims military or Iraqi citizens On May 13, 2004, our reconnaissance unit was patrolling the Iraqi border, just about five miles outside of the city. The sky is orange from the rays of the sun and the hot desert sand thats covering my jungle boots. The water is as thick as mud as it goes down my throat; explosion and gunfire are becoming to sound like the latest music. We are now approaching the city where crowds of at least three hundred people are forming picking up massive rocks, guns ,and sticks while chanting fiercely go home we dont need any help. Sergeant strong and powerful had a look of fear that shadowed his face; the unit was in a state of shock. A kid no older than thirteen years ran up to me laughing and chanting I asked him why. He told me an answer that, in our country no thirteen year old would care he said Americans try to change us and make us follow their ways, they call us terrorists, but theyre coming in our country, running tanks down the street who are the real terrorists. I was shock stan ding there holding a M-16 in the middle of their town hall. When I caught, a reflection of myself in their clothing store I wanted to immediately drop the rifle. Suddenly, a massive rock is thrown down from the rooftop, hitting my captain directly on top of his helmet, causing him to instantly drop to his knees; luckily, he was wearing a helmet prev ...

The Wright Brothers and the First Flight of an Airplane

The Wright Brothers and the First Flight of an Airplane In 1899, after Wilbur Wright had written a letter of request to the Smithsonian Institution for information about flight experiments, the Wright Brothers designed their first aircraft. It was a small, biplane glider flown as a kite to test their solution for controlling the craft by wing warping. Wing warping is a method of arching the wingtips slightly to control the aircrafts rolling motion and balance. Lessons From Birdwatching The Wright Brothers spent a great deal of time observing birds in flight. They noticed that birds soared into the wind and that the air flowing over the curved surface of their wings created lift. Birds change the shape of their wings to turn and maneuver. They believed that they could use this technique to obtain roll control by warping or changing the shape, of a portion of the wing. The Gliders Experiments Over the next three years, Wilbur and his brother Orville would design a series of gliders that would be flown in both unmanned (as kites) and piloted flights. They read about the works of Cayley  and Langley and the hang-gliding flights of Otto Lilienthal. They corresponded with Octave Chanute concerning some of their ideas. They recognized that control of the flying aircraft would be the most crucial and hardest problem to solve. So following a successful glider test, the Wrights built and tested a full-size glider. They selected Kitty Hawk, North Carolina as their test site because of its wind, sand, hilly terrain and remote location. In the year 1900, the Wright brothers successfully tested their new 50-pound biplane glider with its 17-foot wingspan and wing-warping mechanism at Kitty Hawk in both unmanned and piloted flights. In fact, it was the first piloted glider. Based on the results, the Wright Brothers planned to refine the controls and landing gear, and build a bigger glider. In 1901, at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina, the Wright Brothers flew the largest glider ever flown. It had  a 22-foot wingspan, a weight of nearly 100 pounds and skids for landing. However, many problems occurred. The wings did not have enough lifting power, the forward elevator was not effective in controlling the pitch and the wing-warping mechanism occasionally caused the airplane to spin out of control. In their disappointment, they predicted that man will probably not fly in their lifetime. In spite of the problems with their last attempts at flight, the Wright brothers  reviewed their test results and determined that the calculations they had used were not reliable. They decided to build a wind tunnel to test a variety of wing shapes and their effect on lift. Based upon these tests, the inventors had a greater understanding of how an airfoil (wing) works and could calculate with greater accuracy how well a particular wing design would fly. They planned to design a new glider with a 32-foot wingspan and a tail to help stabilize it. The Flyer In 1902, the Wright brothers flew numerous test glides using their new glider. Their studies showed that a movable tail would help balance the craft and so they connected a movable tail to the wing-warping wires to coordinate turns. With successful glides to verify their wind tunnel tests, the inventors planned to build a powered aircraft. After months of studying how propellers work, the Wright Brothers designed a motor and a new aircraft sturdy enough to accommodate the motors weight and vibrations. The craft weighed 700 pounds and came to be known as the Flyer. The  First Manned Flight The Wright brothers built a movable track to help launch the Flyer. This downhill track would help the aircraft gain enough airspeed to fly. After two attempts to fly this machine, one of which resulted in a minor crash, Orville Wright took the Flyer for a 12-second, sustained flight on December 17, 1903. This was the first successful powered and piloted flight in history. In 1904, the first flight lasting more than five minutes took place on November 9th. The Flyer II was flown by Wilbur Wright. In 1908, passenger flight took a turn for the worse when the first fatal air crash occurred on September 17. Orville Wright was piloting the plane. Orville Wright survived the crash, but his passenger, Signal Corps Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, did not. The Wright Brothers had been allowing passengers to fly with them since May 14, 1908. In 1909, the U.S. Government bought its first airplane, a Wright Brothers biplane, on July 30. The airplane sold for $25,000 plus a bonus of $5,000 because it exceeded 40 mph. Wright Brothers - Vin Fiz First Armed Airplane On July 18, 1914, an Aviation Section of the Signal Corps (part of the Army) was established. Its flying unit contained airplanes made by the Wright Brothers as well as some made by their chief competitor, Glenn Curtiss. Patent Suit Although Glenn Curtisss invention, ailerons (French for little wing), was far different from the Wrights wing-warping mechanism, the Court determined that use of lateral controls by others was unauthorized by patent law.

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example As a leader, it is essential to be accountable for any occurrences in the school. To fulfill my mission, I need to point the school where I think it should go and try to keep it on the correct path. As an agent of change, I aim to lead improvement and change in management of various critical schooling components through development of collectively held, strong, and clear institutional mission. My philosophy also improves management by being responsible for the school’s overall administration. Finally, I also aim to be a researcher who examines trends, comes up with hypotheses, predicts, and tests the hypotheses to improve administrative capabilities. Then, identify the five* most important leadership skills, competencies or attributes that you think will be required to succeed in your profession/occupation in the future. Oral communication is an important skill in a leader, of which one has to be articulate, able to make clearly oral presentations of ideas and facts, and make a good impression (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p40). Another central attribute of an effective leader is vision, which is the ability to foresee the future, as well as predict the unknowable. It also allows the leader to come up with the business’ strategic view, as well as the role that effective leadership will play in this strategic viewpoint. Thirdly, Integrity and honesty is another important attribute for a leader. This is important for the employees to buy into the proposals made by the leader, especially because it is representative of the leader’s overall character and establishes their credibility. Fourthly, innovation as a skill is important for school leaders because the institution will only be as innovative as the leader since internal innovation begins with the leader (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p42). Finally, one should also be self-motivated with a clear vision about the direction the institution is taking, as well as where their professional life is headed. Se lect three of these and describe why an understanding of these are important and/or of practical use to business leaders and/or their companies. It is important to understand the importance of self-motivation because it can be contagious to employees around, while also possessing the ability to draw them aboard the leader’s vision. A self-motivated leader also recognizes the need for employees to work as a team to increase their productivity (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p51). Self-motivated leaders also push themselves and others to accomplish set goals and are able to gain the trust of employees. The use of innovation by leaders is also of utmost importance today, especially with the global nature of today’s institutions. The ability of the institution to innovate should start with the leader, especially in the tapping of new ideas from employees that create value, as well as that of parents, students, and the community (Kouzes & Posner, 2012: p54). Innovation today is a v ital driver of valuation, performance, and growth and leaders must ensure they are at the forefront. Finally, oral communication is of special importance to a school administrator to translate technical knowledge to staff in a way they can understand. It is also essential in communication of ideas so that the administrator’s idea is not dismissed or misinterpreted by their subordinates (Kouzes & Posner,

The Buffalo Soldier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Buffalo Soldier - Essay Example It was within this particular cauldron of hostile activity that the 9th and the 10th regiment would prove their mettle. Although there is no clear agreement with regards to where the term â€Å"Buffalo Soldiers† came from, it has been surmised that this was a term bequeathed to these regiments by the flows they so often fought. One particular account states the fact that after an attack by Cheyenne braves, attacked a contingent of hunters that were being protected by two members of the 10th regiment (Renard 707). The attack lasted for well over an hour with over 70 Cheyenne warriors seeking to kill both the hunters and their military escort. However, regardless of how hard they tried, the members from the 10th regiment fought valiantly and refuse to give up even in the face of overwhelming seemingly hopeless odds. Ultimately, one of the soldiers which is been described within the previous story, suffered from a bullet learned to his shoulder and up to 11 lance wins over his en tire body; nonetheless, he fought on with nothing short of a pistol and his saber. It is without question that due to this level of heroism, the renowned to which both enemy and friend alike the stowed upon the African-American soldier within the United States Army was born (Schubert 1219). Moreover, from such a interaction, it is oftentimes said that the Cheyenne warriors, upon returning to their tribe, noted that they had faced a soldier unlike any they had ever faced before; one that fought like a buffalo. However the term was coined, the name stuck in Buffalo soldiers were from then on used as a synonym for African-American soldier serving United States Army specifically black regiments. Perhaps even more importantly from historical and civil rights...From the brief analysis that has thus far been presented, the reader can see and understand why the actions that were undertaken by the 9th and 10th cavalry units earned such a monumental degree of renowned. Ultimately, yonder mere ly fighting for their country and exhibiting extraordinary gallantry and bravery in the face of oftentimes seemingly insurmountable odds, the Buffalo soldiers were able to prove to their military counterparts, as well as many individuals within society, that the African-American citizen was every bit as talented, gallant, intelligent, and determined as his white counterpart. Unfortunately, it would take another nearly 100 years in order to see African-American and white society integrate; however, the Buffalo soldiers and their sacrifices were in importance that healing post-war scar and moving the United States military in a more progressive and realistic direction.

The Auteur Theory Film Studies Essay

The Auteur Theory Film Studies Essay -The auteur theory, if defined as the ultimate foundation for a filmmakers vision, can be a rather unstable remark for one to give. Who in the beginning of film history declared that a director must adhere to a specific genre with a specific style? It seems, like anything else, that the reasoning behind this theory is for a person to find a way to make sense of it all. However, one could argue that a filmmaker has reasoning behind why they have chosen their career path in the first place, or what kind of themes they want to express to the public. No matter what the genre or screenplay, a filmmaker can become a true auteur if they exhibit the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73).   In this essay, I will argue that Andrew Sarriss definition of film auteurism, along with Jim Kitses and Peter Wollen redefinition of its traditional and structuralist conceptions, are displayed in M. Night Shyamalans The Happening (along with his other films) as an example of the filmmakers auteurism. Andrew Sarris assesses a filmmakers auteurism under three pieces of criteria: technical competence, personality evident through oeuvre (director as stylist), and beauty of interior meanings of films. Technical competence, as a notion of value, surfaces the idea that a badly directed or undirected film has no importance in a critical scale of values, but one can make interesting conversation about the subject, the script, the acting, the color, the photography, the editing, the music, the costumes, etc (Sarris 69). In an interview with CNN, Shyamalan insists that The Happening is the best B movie you will ever see, thats it. Thats what this is. With this information, Shyamalan lays out the foundation of the films technical competence in relation to his past films. The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs, The Village, and Lady in the Water were assumingly created to the best of Shyamalans artistic abilities. Shyamalan premeditated The Happening with the notion that it would not be displayed as one of his ideal aesthetic pieces of cinema. It has been widely known that Shyamalan has had direct influences from science-fiction shows like The Twilight Zone, therefore audiences should be able to suspend moments of realism because, premeditatedly, bizarre and unexplained scenes are going to occur. Its going to test your patience, imagination, and social pressure, meaning that it almost dares you to laugh at inexplicable moments of dialogue and scenarios, and while it would be easy to write them off as bad filmmaking, if more effort is put into discover whats really happening or whats trying to be displayed (Shyamalans B-movie approach) , the stronger the payoff will be. For example, the scene where Mark Wahlberg is talking to a plastic plant, pretty funny right? Sure, if you look at it from the standpoint that its just Mark Wahlberg talking to a plastic plant. But if you think about it abstractly, the scene is completely appropriate to the films narrative. After evacuating New York City, being dropped off in a random town in Pennsylvania, then running from an attacking environmental force thats never fully explained, isnt it crazy enough to think that after all this, a person might begin to lose a sense of normalcy? Why not talk to the plant? It cant hurt to try new approaches to a specific scenario in order to figure out what could be happening, no matter how crazy it makes you look from an outside perspective. Sarriss film auteur definition extends even further, to the filmmakers personality and its visible evidence throughout oeuvre (director as stylist). A director must exhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signature. The way a film looks and moves should have some relationship to the way a director thinks and feels (Sarris 69). With The Happening, there is clear evidence of Shyamalans personality. Since The Sixth Sense, he has been become known as the master of suspense. He never sells himself out to violence. Instead, he uses it as a tool to build towards a much more apocalyptic fear. The Happening is never explored from a large-scale angle like War of the Worlds, but rather the larger event that is taking place simultaneously merely peeks from the corners of the screen. Any filmmaker can physically blow things up so long as they have a decent budget. Instead, Shyamalan blows up our imagination. According to Sarris, the auteur theory must have a director with a specific style. Going along with Sarriss quote, the way Shyamalan uses violence in the film fits his personal and socially known filmmaking vision. For example, the scene where multiple bodies hang from hoses on trees is incredibly and meaningfully staged. As a passing car witnesses this, could you imagine sitting in that car and be thinking: What in the hell happened here that caused people to end up like this? Its so much scarier with scenes like this to leave the actual act of violence to the imagination because the imagination has no limits. Thats what makes this all the more horrifying. Shyamalan could have taken the lazy way out by going all Saw on us, producing over the top gore that has no purpose to the story. Theres a difference between horror and violence, and instead, Shyamalan seems to grasp this concept and use violence to enhance the story. He has shown this in every single one of his movies, even with The Happenings limitless R-rating. Sarriss third and final piece of criteria for assessing a directors auteurism is the beauty of the interior meaning behind a film. Sometimes a great deal of corn must be husked to yield a few kernels of internal meaning (Sarris 71). The post 9/11 atmosphere in our society still looms in the back of everyones mind. Shyamalan, instead of abusing this fear, induces it into interpersonal paranoia. The strangeness of each scene allows multiple scenarios of fear. The vibes coming off each character suggests that the events in The Happening are terrorist attacks. Why? Because its the first thing that enters everyones mind. The media has us so convinced that an act of terrorism is the only possible explanation of an attack on American soil that it has become the epitome of mass cultural fear. The standardization of mass culture (in this case, the media of mass culture) dictates the audiences reactions, telling them how to think and feel. Clement Greenberg, an American art critic of the 20th century argues that the Kitsch (German word meaning mass culture) associated in filmmaking has become extremely easy to notice. For example, a clichà ©d horror scene consists of objects jumping onto the screen after moments of eerie noises or silence (The Prom Night example). Formulaically, its the feeling that someone is going to jump out and scream a standardized horror clichà ©d line like boo! or gotcha! Shyamalan on the other hand, takes this persona and reverses it. Instead of forcing the audience into feeling a specific reaction, he allows them to think for themselves. Jim Kitses and Peter Wollen redefine the traditionalists and structuralist conceptions of auteurism in a simplistic manner that remains to this day, arguably, as an odyssey. Kitses claims that genre is to filmmaker as language is to speaker. The very foundation of meaning for an artist to work with is the roots in which they display the most comfort. Kitses explains that the meanings, characters, stories, and imagery come from the structure of the genre and the present culture in which the filmmaker is working within. Applying this to Shyamalans personal authorship, both Kitses and Wollen express their theories: In my view the term (auteur theory) describes a basic principle and a method, no more and no less (Kitses 89) and exhibit the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73). Shyamalan, in almost all of his films tackles big social themes, being mostly end of the world scenarios (Signs, The Happening) and/or socially known fears (The Village, The Sixth Sense). In Signs, Shyamalan takes a basic principle (an alien invasion towards planet earth) and applies his own basic method to it (the event is seen through the eyes of an American family trying to survive it). By adding his own layers of substance to Kitsess basic principle and method, Shyamalan ultimately creates his own personal authorship. Signs has the same basic principle as Steven Spielbergs War of the Worlds, but each director has their own vision towards it. Both Signs and War of the Worlds are about an alien invasion towards planet earth in which an American family tries to survive it, but unlike Spielberg, Shyamalan doesnt physically blow up the world, he enforces the imagination on the viewer and only implies physical destruction. Roger Eberts review of Signs furthers this argument: I will not even say whether aliens appear in the movie, because whether they do or not is beside the point. The purpose of the film is to evoke pure emotion through the use of skilled acting and direction, and particularly through the soundtrack. It is not just what we hear that is frightening. It is the way Shyamalan has us listening intensely when there is nothing to be heard. I cannot think of a movie where silence is scarier, and inaction is more disturbing (Roger Ebert). Kitses and Wollen have very similar opinions in the basic elements of the auteur. Kitses expresses that it involves a basic principle and a method, where Wollen argues that it exhibits the same thematic preoccupations. However, the process of getting the film to a concrete medium is where the two differ. Kitses compares genre to filmmaker as language is to speaker. When a speaker speaks a language, they may say it on their own terms, with different tones, dialects, expressions, emotions, speed, etc. therefore in translation to cinema, a filmmaker may express a genre their own way without the interference of an outside medium. While that it very much the case in many situations, the auteur must also face several realities, most evidently the wants and desires of the films financier (in other words, the studio) and the potential incidents that could destroy a films credibility. The director does not have full control of his work. This explains why the auteur theory involves a kind of decipherment, decryptment. A great many features of films analysed have to be dismissed as indecipherable because of noise from the producer, the cameraman or even the actors (Wollen 77). Audiences and critics can become subconsciously superstitious if one is not careful to consider the fact that films undergo realistic challenges like anything else. Shyamalan has experienced these heartaches just like any other filmmaker. In The Sixth Sense, his favorite scene (an alternate ending with an extended version of Bruce Williss wedding video speech) was cut from the film due to a studio decision. In Signs, Shyamalan was disappointed with his cinematographers (Tak Fujimoto) visual representation of the aliens. Furthermore, one must insist that Kitses wrote his analysis on the auteur theory before the Internet world affected the cinema. For example, the definitive twist in Shyamalans The Village was leaked online before its theatrical release date, ultimately allowing the entire world to access the films signature plot twist. This not only directly contributed to the films box-office disappointment, but also its initial critical failure, which discouraged the meaning of Shyamalans message. One could argue that The Sixth Sense would have suffered the same fate of The Village had the Internet been a primary resource and if the films ending was leaked online before its theatrical release in 1999. The structure of a movie is premeditated by an auteur, but a films outcome may have an end that does not justify the means. In a perfect filmmaking world, Kitsess theory would reign supreme on the idea that genre is to filmmaker as language is to speaker, but Wollen understands that things can happen beyond the control of an auteur. It simply means that it is inaccessible to criticism. We can merely record our momentary and subjective impressions (Wollen 77). Perhaps this is why Shyamalans films are becoming more appreciated as time goes on. One example of this is Unbreakable, which was initially a critical and box-office disappointment (in relation to The Sixth Sense) upon its release date in August of 2000, but over the years a cult following on DVD and VHS has sparked rumors of a potential sequel. Sarris, Kitses, and Wollens theories are visible in todays mainstream discussions. Shyamalans statement in the CNN interview stating, The Happening is the best B-movie ever is filled with Sarriss ideas of technical competence in the criteria for a films auteurism. Wollen is seen in Roger Eberts reviews on both Shyamalans Signs and The Happening. Ebert states in his Signs review that in a time when Hollywood mistakes volume for action, Shyamalan makes quiet films. In a time when incessant action is a style, he persuades us to play close attention to the smallest nuances (Roger Ebert). Every Shyamalan film since The Sixth Sense has had a summer release date. The filmmaker has an off-rhythmic beat in a year of Hollywood releases. M. Night Shyamalans The Happening is a movie that I find oddly touching. It is no doubt too thoughtful for the summer action season, but I appreciate the quietly realistic way Shyamalan finds to tell a story about the possible death of man (Roger Ebert). Personal taste aside, a theatrical release of a Shyamalan movie is always a movie event. In many ways, we know what to expect from his films. First and foremost (in accordance to mainstream logic), his box-office numbers are usually very successful (Lady in the Water is his only film that failed to produce a profit in its theatrical run). A Time Magazine interview has Shyamalan defending his financial success. Except for Pixar, I have made the four most successful original movies in a row of all time (The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs, and The Village). If youre not betting on me, then nobody should get money. Ive made profit a mathematical certainty. Im the safest bet you got. Behind his films financial successes are their other obvious components. The science-fiction genre is a must, his release dates are similar (theyve ranged no further in the summer season than June through August), and his characters all embody the struggles of interpersonal and emotional growth.   Through this mainstream discussion, an auteur (in this case, Shyamalan) exhibits the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73). Shyamalan, whether or not many believe he has lost his touch, is still a prime example of film auteurism. When watching one of his films, you always know you are watching a Shyamalan movie. It is clear with his setting (every one of his films is set in Philadelphia,) his vision (large scale events shown through a small-scale,) and his themes (the power of love, the fear of violence, and the importance of the imagination). His technical competence, personal evident throughout oeuvre, and internal meeting are all elements in his personal authorship in American cinema. Like anything else, only time has any real ability to create an understanding, in this case behind the man who was once called The Next Spielberg, the elements of his film auteurism, and the theorists who have timelessly argued the notion of the terms infinitely interpreted foundation.

Prompt: with Growing Age, One’s Loses Essay

We live in a world of war and violence, where every second news item is tragic and disturbing. As children growing up, we are protected from the horror of the real world; shielded by our parents who nurture us with infinite care and love, taking care to ensure that we are safe from the awfulness and pain of the real world we find ourselves in. In an attempt to preserve our innocence as children, our parents throw upon us a veil that conceals us from the horrific truth of the adult world. However, this veil isn’t completely shielding, and slowly, one by one, the truth of the real world is revealed to us. Our childish innocence diminishes until eventually not a single drop is left; the warm sympathy in our hearts is sucked out, replaced by a cold insensitivity to everything that we see. Our reality becomes deformed, twisted into a world of detachment. The first day of prep is a big day in each of our lives; it is the day we first become exposed to the problems of the outside world, beyond the shelter of the veil placed upon us by our parents. We begin to see throughout our schooling career, what our parents had tried so hard to protect us from. As we progress through school, the harsh realities of the real world become apparent to us, yet our innocence as children withholds till the day we see ourselves peering at the end of our schooling career. Up until the last day of year twelve, we are exposed to many of the harsh realities of the world, but we do not encounter fully the pitilessness of the world that we live in; and hence, our innocence and compassion towards others stays with us throughout school. The last day of year twelve is a day of great joy and happiness for all of us; it is the day we think we are leaving behind all the harsh experiences of our schooling careers and diving head first into a friendly, easy-going world. However, this last day of school fizzles out for the rest of our lives; the world we are heading into as we leave school is not the friendly, easy-going world that we had anticipated in our minds during high school. The joy of leaving school is short felt, and disappears within a moment’s time of entering the workforce or university. The adversity of life outside of the nurture and care of our parents’ veil of protection becomes a sudden realization that takes many people by surprise and forces them to harden their hearts. Cold insensitivity seeps into each person, slowly devouring the warmth and compassion within their hearts; eventually leaving behind individuals who see in their reality, the world as a harsh and unforgiving place, deserving no sympathy or compassion. The childish innocence that our parents strived to preserve has been lost, and the joy of the last day of school, long forgotten. Soon we lay on our deathbeds, having become veterans to the true horrors of the world that we were born into. Our cold insensitivity to the harsh reality of the world we live in has completely replaced the innocence and compassion we once had in our hearts as children. The joys of our childhood, when we had a veil placed over us by our parents, are no longer present in our memories. Our reality has been altered so dramatically over the course of our lives that the reality we had as children no longer seems identifiable to us. We die peacefully, but having experienced everything but peace in our adult lives.

Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral - 1648 Words

Cathedral is a capitivating story based on the lives of the narrator, his wife and a blind man. Raymond Carver is the author of this story, and he does an excellent job allowing the reader to delve into the lives of these characters. Through using the thoughts of the narrator, the reader is able to grab our attention because the story is made more realistic. The views expressed by the narrator in many senses exemplify the views of many in society and therefore the reader is able to make an emotional connection through the story. BIO Raymond Carver is a renowned short story writer born in 1938. The New York Times classifies him as â€Å"most influential writer of American short stories in the 2nd half of the 20th century† (King, 2009). His upbringing was in a lower middle class setting in Oregon. Due to his upbringing, many of his stories were influenced as a result of his experience in that socio-economic status. He had the ability to capture the lives of the average Joe through his fictional tales. He was known to use people from all walks of life to depict his agenda in these tales. He successfully wrote many short stories, poems, and essays with various collections. His story, the Cathedral is infamous for pointing out how a blind man or in other words a disabled individual can help someone discover something extraordinary. Raymond Carver loved travelling as a young man, and would often take his family from locale to locale using that as an inspiration for a lotShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Raymon d Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom, or trying to bury alive. Cathedral, written by Raymond Carver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adults ranging from thirty to forty years old, the 1980’s were possibly a ghostly, hauntingRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1426 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis in Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†: The Narrator Literature has the potential to act as a mirror by presenting people’s lived experiences, expectations, and perceptions through characters. Such is what can be deciphered through the analysis of different characters in Raymond Carver’s story â€Å"Cathedral.† This paper focuses on the narrator of the story portrayed by the author as blind, which is used metaphorically not to imply physical blindness, but the inability to have reasonedRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1006 Words   |  5 Pages Gabrielle Sobolewski English 200 Professor Ruth Jennison 11/12/15 The short story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver is told from the perspective of a first-person narrator. Throughout the story, the narrator is self-absorbed in his own thoughts and emotions and fails in his willingness to overlook personal insecurities in order to accommodate others’ discomfort, i.e. predominantly his wife and the blind man. In general, the story lacks figurative language and is told in short, directRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 970 Words   |  4 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s short story, â€Å"Cathedral†, we meet the character who is never named, and who is known as the narrator to us. Although the narrator’s character changed towards the end, and we don’t really learn much after the change of his personality, it is still a gradual change that took place. The narrator’s attitude is very important in the story because it revolves around him and the way he views things. This short story is about a m an who is married to a woman, and this woman has been friendsRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1097 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2015 Cathedral by Raymond Carver In this short story by Raymond Carver begins with a man whose wife invited a good friend over named Robert and is blind. Before Roberts Arrival, the wife’s husband, whose name is Bub, does not know what to make out of his wife’s good friend Robert coming over to their house. Carver utilizes a story of a blind man who changes Bub’s outlook in life. Through the narrators changing character, theme of loneliness and jealousy, and the cathedral being a symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 943 Words   |  4 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†, the short story is told by a character within the story. The first-person point of view gives us a transparent visual of an important time in the narrators’ life. The narrator, who is â€Å"un-named† in the beginning of the story, uses blunt, flawless and a particular choice of words. This gives us as the reader a deeper connection with the narrator. The narrator begins this story by taking us through the changes he go through with the uneasy feeling of having a blind-manRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreAn Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1794 Words   |  8 Pages A Cynics Enlightenment Raymond Carver’s short-story Cathedral is outwardly about a pessimistic man, whose wife’s blind visitor named Robert changes the narrators predisposing perception of the world and awakes a new view on life in the process. But inwardly, the story is about the desperate need for connection between these three characters, which isn’t feasible do to the emotional-detachment by the narrator. In the beginning, the narrator is hindered by his prejudices which doesn t allow himRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1524 Words   |  7 PagesAs if someone has unlocked his prison cell to liberate him of his stereotypical point of view. The protagonist of Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† was an individual whose stagnant mind has blind him from truly seeing the aspects and characteristics of people around him. Before meeting his wife’s blind friend whose name is Robert, the protagonist perceives reality with a stereotypical mind-set shaped by m isleading information from movies. Hence, he make judgement about other people without ever settingRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral2364 Words   |  10 Pagesmost. The same could be said about people who are limited by one or more of their six senses and are judged by the majority of the population who are not limited and make preconceived notions about these limitations which can bind them. Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† explores many literary devices that reveal the pre conceived perception towards people with physical limitations without understanding the individual first, which is still a problem today. The protagonist, the narrator is closed minded

Examining the Character of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet by...

Examining the Character of Juliet in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare A wealthy girl like Juliet would be expected to obey her parents. Juliet would have to listen to anything her parents said. She would be expected to marry at a young age and carry on the family legacy. She would be married off to a rich husband, even though Juliet is about thirteen now, that is why her parents won’t marry her to Paris yet. Her father is also protective of her he says’ she is the hopeful lady of my earth,’ meaning he isn’t going to marry her to anyone she doesn’t consent to. She also lives in a patriarchal society, so she has to follow men’s rules. An Elizabethan audience would like stories that they†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare also develops the character of Tybalt and the Nurse which extends the range of mood and attitude in the play, and achieves a dramatically effective contrast to Juliet’s character in the Nurse while Tybalt acts as a foil for Romeo and Benvolio. Also in Brooke’s poem Juliet is sixteen but in Shakespeare’s play she is thirteen. The tragicness of the story is how most things that happen in the acts, they are surrounded by death. There’s always some sort of fight between the Capulet’s and Montague’s. Tybalt kills Mercutio in Act three, and then also Tybalt is killed by Romeo which is another part in this tragedy. Romeo and Juliet’s passion and ‘wanting’ mood causes their death and others from their house. Shakespeare’s tragedies can be grim in their injustice, but they are not straight forwardly pessimistic, hopeless plays. Their love brings about reconciliation and peace at the cost of their death. The audience suffers because it wants a happy ending. In Romeo and Juliet it’s clear that the lovers have to die, that they are doomed. Shakespeare’s conception of tragedy in this early day depicts the lovers as the victims of circumstances. They are not responsible for their fate; a terrible succession of mischances destroys them. At the start, the chorus announces that we are to see a ‘pair ofShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : Romeo And Juliet761 Words   |  4 PagesEverything But Time Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, revolves around the tragic story of two lovers who commit suicide for one another. The two lovers were parts of opposing households, the Montagues and the Capulets. Immediately enamored with each other after meeting at a party, the lovers swiftly agree to get married. However, a series of events causes Romeo to be banished, and in order to escape an arranged marriage Juliet fakes her own death. News reaches Romeo, who then kills himselfRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no questioning that William Shakespeare’s plays are influential. They were written centuries ago, yet are still enjoyed by people to this day, and hold a place in modern high school and university curricula. However, as with many other literary works, some of Shakespeare’s plays are received better by audiences and readers than others. Romeo and Juliet, the tragic story of two â€Å"star-cross’ d lovers† (Shakespeare, 5) who pursue their love for each other despite the feud between their familiesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1110 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies. Today we have the Montagues playing against the Capulets in a long-standing feud between the families.† Romeo and Juliet is perhaps the most famous love story of all time. William Shakespeare entrances readers into believing that love at first sight can and does happen. With tragic deaths of both Romeo and Juliet, along with those of Tybalt, Mercutio, Paris, and Lady Montague, Shakespeare leads readers to believe that the cataclysmic events are the fault of fate or circumstance. This argument isRead MoreComparing Zeffirelli and Luhrmanns Versions of Romeo and Juliet930 Words   |  4 PagesFor never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, 5.3 ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is a tragic play about two star crossed lovers written by Shakespeare in 1595. The play is a timeless teenage tradgedy. â€Å"The play champions the 16th Century belief that true love always strikes at first sight,† (Lamb 1993: Introduction) and even in modern times an audience still want to believe in such a thing as love at first sight. Act II Scene II the balconyRead MorePost Modernism Of Baz Luhrmann s Film Adaptation Of William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet3440 Words   |  14 PagesPost-modernism in Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet: a comparison of two creative works from two different periods. In 1996, Baz Luhrmann directed â€Å"Romeo + Juliet†, a modern twist on the famous tragedy play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare in 1597, in which the main characters Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet where portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes. While some praise the strange interpretation of the old tale, there are also thoseRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet988 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is permeated with intense, quick, and tragic passion that erupts between two lovers. Readers may be finding themselves screaming to many of the characters in the play to â€Å"slow down!† Although Romeo and Juliet had an intense and abrupt romance, there were warning signs that they did not listen to. In act 2 scene 6 Friar Lawrence is set to wed Romeo and Juliet. By overlooking scene 6 it is apparent to see how short it is, which represents a quick and hasty marriageRead MoreThe Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Ro meo And Juliet1597 Words   |  7 PagesElizabethan times, William Shakespeare also believed in the Great Chain of Being, as many of his plays are prominently based on this concept. Some of his plays include characters that accept their place on the Chain, but others are not so complacent. By examining three different characters from Shakespeare’s tragedies, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, The Tragedy of Macbeth, and The Tragedy of King Lear, it is obvious to readers who is content with their place on the Chain and which characters have a difficultRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesthe nature of true love. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare gives an example of true love overcome by tragic fate. His star-crossed lovers are so madly in love with each other that they cannot live without being together. (RJ Prologue, 6) By contrast, in Twelfth Night the characters are so fickle that they switch love interests i n the span of a few lines. By comparing the true love of Romeo and Juliet with the shallow love of Twelfth Night, it becomes clear that Shakespeare agrees with the BiblicalRead MoreThe Causes Behind the Tragedy of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet3045 Words   |  13 PagesTragedy of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story written by William Shakespeare. The play is based around two lovers, who commit suicide when their feuding families prevent them from being together, set in Verona, in northern Italy. The play is generally involving love and family honour, in the days when the play was written, parents expected to be obeyed-they even decided who their children should marry. Romeo and Juliet go against Read MoreComparative Essay: Romeo and Juliet and To Kill a Mockingbird3074 Words   |  88 Pagesthat readers will not forget it for a long time. Probably because of tragic elements, both Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare and To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee are well known works. At the same time, there are sort of similarities between them. By examining, conflicts, weaknesses of humanity and deaths, common elements of tragedy are demonstrated. The first tragic similarity in Romeo and Juliet and To Kill A Mockingbird is they both have conflicts. For example, the conflict of the